الاعتباطية في الفكر الغربي: Arbitrariness is a cornerstone in building linguistic theory, and this theory, since it adopts deduction as a method for building its laws,. JMR. 2025;21(41):138-158. Accessed July 26, 2026. https://jmr.uomisan.edu.iq/index.php/jmr/article/view/279